Daily Archives: April 3, 2018

About the Democratic Republic of the Congo

It is now April 3rd.  Mark and I are at the Protea Hotel in Entebbe, betting ready to leave Africa and head for Amsterdam.  I have nearly finished writing about our time in the Congo and hope to have it completed within a few days.  Meanwhile, here is the chapter about the country that will give you some background.  We are both well and sorry to be leaving Africa.  We have loved our experiences in these three countries in spite of the various difficulties encountered.  Hopefully, you are enjoying reading about them too.

 

About the Democratic Republic of the Congo

There is a lot to say about the Democratic Republic of the Congo and I will try to be concise. The country is located in south central Africa with a narrow connection to the Atlantic Ocean via the Congo River, which runs through the entire country and provided the country with its name. It is 1.59 times the size of Alaska and is the second largest country in Africa and the 11th largest in the world. It is bordered by nine countries: the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia to the south; Angola to the southwest and the Republic of the Congo and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. With a population over 78 million, it is the most populated officially francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the 17th most populated country in the world.

It was first settled by humans about 90,000 years ago, as proven by found artifacts. Bantu people settled in the region in the 5th and 10th centuries. The Kingdom of the Kongo ruled from the 14th to the 19th centuries. In the 1870s, Henry Morton Stanley led the way for European exploration of the Congo under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium. Somehow Leopold acquired rights to the Congo in 1885 and made the land his private property. How rude was that? He named it the Congo Free State and allowed, or maybe hired, the colonial military Unit, Force Publique, to force the local population into producing rubber from 1885 to 1908. Millions of Congolese died from disease and exploitation. Finally, Belgium was embarrassed into annexing the Free State, which then became the Belgium Congo. In 1960 the Begium Congo achieved independence under the name Republic of the Congo.  The Belgians fled the country, leaving their large estates behind.

The first elected president and prime minister did not last long as the Army Chief of Staff, one Joseph-Desire Mobutu, gained de facto control through a coup d’etat the same year. In 1965, Mobutu officially took power through a second coup. He changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko and, in 1971, changed the name of the country to Zaire. He ran the country as a one party dictatorship and received considerable support from the USA due to his anti-communist stance during the cold war. In the early 90s, his government began to weaken. Destabilization in eastern Zaire resulting from the Rwandan genocide and disenfranchisement among the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion by Tutsi ruled Rwanda, which began the First Congo War. The war led to the end of Mobutu’s 32 year rule.

In May 1997, Laurent-Desire Kabila, a Tutsi leader, became President. He immediately changed the name back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tensions between Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003. Ultimately nine African countries and 20 armed groups became involved in the war, resulting in the deaths of 5.4 million people. Kabila was assassinated in January 2001 and a week later his son, Joseph Kabila, succeeded him as President. He called for multilateral peace talks. UN peacekeepers arrived and negotiations finally resulted in a peace accord in 2003. By mid year all foreign armies except those of Rwanda, had left the Congo. A transitional government was set up, a constitution was approved and multi-party elections were held in July 2006. The election was disputed and fighting broke out in the capital, Kinshasa. The UN took control of the city. A new election took place in October. Kabila won and was sworn in as President in December, 2006. He set up a commission to reduce corruption and began implementing economic reforms. In spite of his efforts, very little improved for the people.

Conflicts and uprisings continued to take place. In 2009, The New York Times reported that people in the Congo continued to die at a rate of 45,000 per month, due mainly to widespread disease and famine. Reports indicated that almost half of the deaths were children under the age of 5. One study found that more than 400,000 women were raped every year in the DRC. The two wars devastated the country. Together they are considered the bloodiest war since WWII. By 2015, major protests broke out across the country and protestors demanded that Kabila step down. However, he did not step down at the end of his term, as promised, and insists on staying on until elections are held. The date for elections has changed and dragged on. Protests continue. Currently the election is scheduled for December 2018.  No one is optimistic that the election will actually occur or that the results will be satisfying, if it does occur.

Located on the equator, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has a tropical climate that produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through. The river basin occupies nearly the entire country and forms the backbone of Congolese economics and transportation. The river has the second largest flow and the second longest watershed of any river in the world, trailing the Amazon in both respects. The river and a 23 mile wide strip of coastline on its north bank provide the country’s only access to the Atlantic. The volcanically active Albertine Rift passes through the very mountainous northeaster section of the country. Geologic activity created the Great Rift Valley and the chain of African Great Lakes (Albert, Kivu, Edward and Tanganyika). The Rift valley has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining. Cobalt, copper, cadmium, diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore and coal are all found in in plentiful supply. The Congo is considered the most biodiverse African country and one of the world’s richest countries in natural resources. You can begin to imagine the wealth this country possesses in natural resources that are mostly untapped and not providing jobs or infrastructure or health or education or anything else for the people of the region, whose per capita GDP is nearly the lowest in the world. Such a shame. Its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth 24 trillion, according to Wikipedia.

More of Cameroon

Monday, March 26, 2018, Mark’s 65th birthday.

We woke about 4am to the sound of barking dogs, of which there are 4 in this community. When they finally stopped, the rooster started in. We laid in bed until it was light enough to see. As we wanted to get back to our vehicle before the heat of the day kicked in, we packed up and ate a hurried breakfast of stale bread and hot water with Nescafe. Then we hit the trail without saying good bye to the Dupa, who were still in bed. We left the tents and bedding behind for the porters to pick up and made our way the 4 miles back to our bus. Mark and I checked the clock and noted that we did the walk in 1 hour and 15 minutes with others close behind. Don and Leslie, who both had walking problems, were brought out by motor scooter and arrived almost exactly when we did. By 7:45am we were back in the air conditioned bus and happily on our way back to the village of Poli to pick up fresh ice before heading south on the main road.

While driving we learn from Wandji that the Dupa were originally from Nubia in millennia BC. They moved south and into the hills to avoid Muslim missionaries. They did not want to submit to the Muslim belief system. They wanted to stick to their natural ways and continue with their own beliefs. As animists, they are ancestor worshipers. To them, God is the first ancestor and others have followed. To become an ancestor one must live a long life, have many children and die of natural causes. Women and men can become ancestors.

A road block on the way to Ngaoundere. This machine is cutting and picking up the old pavement to make way for new asphalt. We did not have to wait long, fortunately.

As we drive south we are still in hot dry desert sahel with occasional low hills, scattered trees and scrub. We pass many villages along the roadside. Most have no power. Bore holes with water are a good distance from many people.

Roadside vendors are in front of every village selling everything from tires to tooth paste, watermelon to batteries. Although we did not see any starving people, life in this desolate country does not offer much more than existence, no matter how hard one works to make a bit of money. During the heat of the day, most people can only sit in the shade.

Locally grown cotton waiting to be picked up. It is dirty and full of seeds.

We pass many small to medium sized fields of spent cotton and sorghum. Before the rains come in June, there will be a frantic effort to plant seeds for the next crops, and get the houses re-thatched. Already there is thatch leaning against most huts waiting for the time. As we are still in the northern half of the country, the people are still mostly Muslim.

We stop at the entrance to a National Park that has no animals — they have all been eaten — and share a watermelon and pineapple purchased from a roadside vendor. As we pull away, leaving what we did not eat on a concrete wall, we see boys racing to be the first to get to our dregs. Our empty water bottles are a treasure as well as the fruit. I wished we had left them more.

After days of being in the flats at about 1400 feet elevation, we suddenly begin to climb an escarpment and reach 4000+ feet quickly. Before starting down the other side, we stop to see the view and feel the air. There is no view, sadly, as the haze and smoke from multiple fires block the entire scene, however, the air is a bit cooler. South of the escarpment, we descend only to 3650 feet and level off there. Although we are still in the north, the scenery is beginning to change as we see palm trees, flowering jacaranda trees and other flowering plants.

The town of Ngaoundere, where we had showers in a local hotel, lunch at a place called the “Coffee Shop” and then boarded the train for the overnight trip to the capital city, Younde.

We enter the district and gradually the town of 1 million called Ngaoundere (pronounced Gan de re). The town has nothing of note to offer us, except for the hotel we stop at to take showers. The water was plentiful and hot and the towels were adequate. We all felt much better. Back in the bus we drove to a restaurant called Coffee Shop and had an excellent meal of the local fish called Capitain served in a mushroom sauce. Sounds bad, but tasted really good.

A street vendor peddling cell phones. Everyone is trying to make a buck.

 

.A street scene in Ngaundere with tired looking buildings everywhere.

Took a few pix in the area near the restaurant and then headed for the train station. Although we have First Class Cabins, there is nothing first class about the train. It is filthy everywhere, including the station. Fortunately, we can get into our cabin and shut the door. At least the sheets were clean and we did not have to share our 4 person cabin with anyone.

Walking to the train at dusk.

Unfortunately, there is no AC and we swelter until the train moves. It is packed. There are 2 toilets per car, but only one in our car has water. The good news is we sweat so much we don’t need to use the toilet until the middle of the night, when there is no line.

Muslims praying before boarding the train. We are still in the northern half of the country.

It takes hours before we cool down enough to be comfortable. So much for our nice showers. The train departs exactly on time, 7:15pm, and the ride is 15 hours to our destination, the capital city of Yaounde (pronounced Ya un de), thoroughly in the south. Somehow we got through the night. It was now our third night in a row with less than pleasant conditions and the wear and tear is starting to show.
Mark’s birthday started in a tent on the ground in a Dupa village and ended in a dirty train rumbling toward the capital city.  An unusual 65th birthday for sure.

Tuesday, March 27, 2018

When we looked out the window in the early morning light, everything was green and lush. What a contrast. The temperature was not as high as in the north, but the humidity was most unpleasant. Hard to say which was worse; very hot, dry air or medium hot, wet air.

At 7:15am we are served a hot omelet, bread and tea or coffee in our cabin. This was a nice touch that had been arranged by Abdul. It was not part of the regular train service. The timing was perfect as we were just beginning to feel hungry. At 9:30 the train stopped at Yaounde.

A crazy taxi lot in Younde, where the population is 3 million and there are more cars than the roads can handle.

The change from country to city was a bit shocking. There were taxis everywhere serving the population of 3 million.

A typical hilly street in Younde.

The city, with 7 hills, was very reminiscent of San Francisco. With many churches and the largest Basilica in Cameroon, the city was 75% Christian and most of that is Catholic.

A panorama of the inside of the Catholic Basilica.

We have a similar, if different bus that takes us on a city tour. First stop is a monastery high on a hill to see the view. However, the haze is still very bad and the view unnoticeable. We walk passed an outdoor set of the Stations of the Cross, with a few people praying. Then we visit the Basilica which was built in 1955 and is not only large, but quite lovely and clean. There is a lovely contemporary statue of the Black Madonna and a photo of JPII on the wall near the altar. He visited Cameroon in 1985.

The Reunification Monument acknowledges the reunification of British and French parts of Cameroon on May 20, 1972

From there we stopped at the Reunification Monument and climbed to the top. Nice to be acting like a tourist for a little bit. The monument was built to honor the reunification of the British and French parts of the country on May 20, 1972. After independence in 1960, the French and British had ruled the country as a Federation between 1960 and 1972. Political positions are very traditionally religious. Paul Biya, is the Catholic President, Yan Philemon is the Catholic Prime Minister, the head of the National Assembly is a Muslim, and the Leader of the Senate is a Protestant, all by tradition.

A typical store in the Craft market.

Abdul, our logistics handler, takes a break while waiting for us to shop. He had a fun personality, even if he couldn’t speak English.

We stopped at a craft market, but the salesman were so pushy, that I got fed up and went back to the bus. There was a mask or two I was interested in considering, but the hassle was not worth the effort.

The craft vendors were relentless, even after I shut the bus door.

Next stop was lunch. We were all ready for something familiar and ordered pizzas and beer. They tasted pretty good, especially with cold beer.

Street vendors are prolific and accommodating. Choose your lazy boy as you drive by. Part of the city is in the background.

A street vendor peddling cell phones. Everyone is trying to make a buck and the streets can get pretty clogged.

It took some negotiating to get us out of the traffic in the city, but finally, around 3pm, we were on National Highway Number 3 headed for Douala, where the port is located. It is the largest and most commercial city in the country. The landscape along the way is lush green forest and even jungle in some areas. The temperature is warm, but bearable.

Along the way, National Route #3, we chatted among ourselves about travel operators and which ones are good for particular purposes. I made a good list to check out for future adventures. Brian, with 176 countries under his belt and an excellent memory, is a real wealth of information. He has been many places I had never heard of – tiny islands especially. Generally, the group is pretty companionable, in spite of the heat and exhaustion we have experienced.  We all noticed the intense 18 wheeler traffic on the road and soon realized we were on the main artery that connects  the port at Douala on the South Atlantic Ocean with the capital and interior of the country.  It is an endless line of trucks with huge tires.

Before getting to Douala, we stop at a hotel called Hostellerie de la Sanaga on the Sanaga River. Our room has a view of the river, is deliciously cold, mostly clean, has a good firm bed, clean sheets, good pillows, plenty of hot water and good pressure and even a box of condoms in the bathroom much to our amusement. We have dinner next door. It was a fish stir-fry that sounded good, but was not what my, stomach wanted and I could not eat it all. Oh well. We were all happy to slip into the first decent bed we had had in 4 nights.

Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Out before breakfast, we went for a bit of a walk around the property. The river is very wide and large with greenery right up to the bank. The breakfast buffet was not much. Made due with a sweet roll and coffee.

On the way to visit the chimps, we pass a rubber plantation with every mature tree being tapped for its latex.

Waited for box lunches to be packed and finally drove off about 8:20 heading for a orphan Chimpanzee Sanctuary. We drove 1.5 hours over a poor dirt and mud road to get to the river boat that will motor us to the sanctuary. Along the road we passed many houses, all occupied, in various states of dilapidation. Then we came to a check point and entered private property owned by SAFECAM, a French Company that operates large rubber and palm tree plantations. We passed through several miles of palm and rubber trees. Stopped and took a few pix and learned that the Palm trees have 3 products; oil, wine and seed oil used for cosmetics. The rubber trees were being worked by several employees, who looked like colored shadows in the twilight of the vast numbers of trees.

A chimp went up to Mark and raised his hands to be held. Mark could not resist.

Finally we reached the boat launch. Just a small motor boat, but we did not go far up river before we arrived at the sanctuary. We were greeted by a handful of people who were mostly volunteers, who come for 2 week stints to help with spending time with the chimps and managing the facility. There are 9 young chimps currently in the sanctuary ranging in age from 1 to 4 years. At the landing where the volunteers sleep and hang out were two little chimps who hang out there all day.

I delight in a young chimp, named Tomat, hugging me and chewing on my chin.

The slightly older chimps are taken to a clearing in the forest a short distance from the river landing every day from 9am to 6pm. Then they return to the clearing where they are housed during the night.

Don, a member of our group, watches as a chimp methodically unbuttoned and rebutted his shirt.

After removing anything that might be grabbed by a chimp, including our glasses, we walked to the clearing where the chimps were and hung out with them for about 45 minutes. Does not seem like a long time, but it was more than enough for all of us. We had chimps crawling all over. They seemed to delight in unbuttoning our shirts and digging into our pockets to see what they might find. It was fun for awhile, especially hugging them when they came up to you wanting to be held. Very much like holding a furry baby.

Mark gets a surprised 65th BD cake while at the gorilla sanctuary. We all had a bite and left the rest for the chimp staff.

Back at the landing area, we had our box lunches: wonderfully simple ham and cheese sandwiches and fruit. Then, Wandji called me aside to show me the cake they had had made for Mark’s birthday, even though the day had passed. It was a nice touch, even with candles that made 65. We all sang the birthday song to Mark and he proceeded to cut the cake into pieces. We each had one bite and left the rest for the volunteer team. Sure hope they liked it.

Then we were back on the boat, and shortly back in the bus and longly driving to Douala. The highway is full of huge 18 wheelers in both directions 24/7. Several trucks are carrying huge old growth logs. We see log yards with huge piles of same and I realize that the harvesting of timber is happening at a great rate. Sure does not look sustainable to me. The government requires sustainable logging, but no one regulates the business.

Old growth logs being hauled to the port for shipment to foreign markets. Even I, a member of a timber family was saddened to see what appeared to be unsustainable harvesting.

We got stuck near the city and very slowly got around a truck stopped in the middle of the road. Finally, we arrived at the Hotel Sawa, our last Cameroonian home for the night. It is ok, but not as nice as the Sanaga, the night before, although it does have a swimming pool and pleasant grounds. We get to our room, put on our suits and head for the pool. It did feel good to cool off. Then we went back to the room and had a dirty clothes stomp in the bathtub. The place looked like a Chinese laundry when we had everything hanging around to dry. To speed up the process, we had snagged beach towels from the pool area so we could wring things out more.

While our clean things dried, we put on our only dry clothes and went to our farewell dinner with our head guide Willy, whom we had not seen for several days. He took us to a fun restaurant over the river and looking out toward the ocean, Le Dernier Comptoir Colonial. There was a lovely constant breeze. With his help we all ordered a really good meal of a fish called Bar. It was served grilled with plantains. I ate it like I would trout. Delicious. That and a scotch and I was set for a good night’s sleep.

Thursday, March 29, 2018 Holy Thursday

Even though this is our last day and all I want to do is relax and write, we meet Willy at 9am for a city tour and one last lunch.

Original German buildings from the years they were in power in the Congo before WWI.

We drove around the oldest part of the city where we say original German buildings and

Paintings of Heroes of the Resistance, both from the Germans and later from the French.

monuments to Heroes of the Resistances, both German and, later, French. Then we stopped at another craft market. At least we were not pushed around so much at this one, but still had no interest in buying anything.  Finally, we stopped at a restaurant Willy wanted us to try.

Our final meal of a traditional spinach, finely ground nuts and onion concoction served with plantains that Willy wanted us to try. I was not up to it, but others said it was good.

The lunch place was outdoors and unpleasantly warm. Willy planned a traditional Cameroonian meal for us. It consisted of a spinach-like green, with a mild taste, finely chopped, ground nuts and sautéed onions mixed and cooked together. Very tiny Camerones shrimp, which are found in the rivers around the city and from which the name, Cameroon, comes, were served on top of the dish. Mark and I did not stay to eat it, as my tummy was not inclined. Very unlike me. Later, Noriko told us it tasted good and she enjoyed the dish. Oh well.

Back at the hotel we packed up our dry laundry and relaxed in our cool room until time for Noriko and the 2 of us to head for the airport. We leave Douala at 4:30pm for a long, late and tiring trip to Entebbe, with a 3+ hour layover in Kigali. We get into Entebbe about 1:50am.